R&D LAB Data Visualisation Study Craft study, no business claim

Cosmos-Scale

Sixty-two orders of magnitude in one continuous zoom, from the Planck length to the diameter of the observable universe.

  • 62orders of magnitude
  • 138objects with dossiers
  • 18 471galaxies plotted
  • 12bands, one axis
Cosmos-Scale inside the Milky Way, 62 thousand light-years across, with the spectrum navigator below

One frame from the ladder: 62 thousand light-years across, inside the Milky Way. The strip along the bottom is the entire range of the app, and it is also the control.

Why this is published

Published as a craft study and labelled as one. It carries no business claim. What it does prove is that we can hold a dataset spanning sixty-two orders of magnitude in one continuous, navigable view without it degenerating into a slideshow, which is the problem every serious scientific or industrial visualisation runs into.

A list of very big and very small things is not interesting. The ladder between them is. A human being sits almost exactly halfway between the smallest length physics allows and the largest thing light has had time to show us, and almost everything in between is stranger than it looks from either end.

One axis, not a sequence of slides

The hard part is not drawing an atom or a galaxy. It is keeping them on the same axis while the numbers span ten to the sixty-second, where ordinary floating-point geometry gives up long before either end.

Everything is placed on a logarithmic ladder and rebuilt around wherever you currently are, so travel is continuous. The spectrum along the bottom is the whole range at once, and it doubles as the navigation control.

Cosmos-Scale inside a proton, field of view 4.74 attometres
4.74 attometres, inside a proton. The same engine and the same axis, twenty-two orders of magnitude below the hero frame.

Every object earns its place

Each of the 138 objects carries a dossier: what it is, how big it is, and something that is only interesting if it is true. The line reading "if this were a doorway, a red blood cell would be 4.4 micrometres across" is computed from the current field of view, not written in advance.

The cosmic map is a separate mode: a wedge of sky out to the edge of what can ever be seen, with 18,471 galaxies and 2,600 quasars coloured by redshift, on real cosmology.

Map of the observable universe as a wedge of sky coloured by redshift
Flat lambda-CDM, H0 = 67.7. Positions are generated to match observed clustering, and the page says so.

Climb it

Six rungs, forty-six orders of magnitude apart

Cosmos-Scale among quarks, field of view 195 yoctometres

Quarks195 yoctometres. Below this the app stops asserting and starts marking open questions, which is the honest edge of the dataset.

Why it holds together

One log-scale engine, four surfaces

Object dataset138 entriesField of viewcamera stateStageobjects around youSize chartshared baselineSpectrumthe whole rangeDossiercomputed comparisons Log-scale engine one continuous ladder

The engine is the product. Once position, size and camera all live on a logarithmic ladder, the dossier, the size chart, the spectrum and the map are four readings of one state rather than four features to keep in sync.

Every band on the ladder

Inside the Milky Way, 62 thousand light-years across
Galactic. 62 thousand light-years across, inside the Milky Way.
Among quarks, 195 yoctometres across
Planck band. 195 yoctometres, among quarks.
Inside a proton, 4.74 attometres across
Subatomic. 4.74 attometres, inside a proton.
Inside an atom, 850 femtometres across
Atomic. 850 femtometres, inside an atom.
Molecular scale, 5.92 nanometres across
Molecular. 5.92 nanometres.
Inside a cell, 5.02 micrometres across
Cellular. 5.02 micrometres, inside a cell.
Human scale, 2.22 centimetres across
Human. 2.22 centimetres, inside a human body.
Inside a city, 2.46 kilometres across
Terrestrial. 2.46 kilometres, inside a city.
Planetary scale, 14,841 kilometres across
Planetary. 14,841 kilometres.
Inside the Solar System, 0.546 astronomical units across
Stellar. 0.546 AU, inside the Solar System.
Interstellar scale, 3.38 light-years across
Interstellar. 3.38 light-years, inside the Milky Way.
Inside the observable universe, 928 million light-years across
Cosmic. 928 million light-years.
Map of the observable universe coloured by redshift
The cosmic map: 18,471 galaxies and 2,600 quasars, on real cosmology.
The journeys panel
Guided journeys, for people who would rather be taken somewhere than drag a slider.
Comparison view on a shared baseline
Compare: objects measured against one another, not each against its own axis.
The search box jumping to a named object
Search: type anything from a proton to Laniakea and the ladder travels there.

Under the hood

01 Logarithmic scene graph Position, size and camera on one log ladder, so precision does not collapse at either end.
02 Generated geometry, real imagery The geometry is built in code with real proportions. The surfaces are not: planetary maps and the photographs in the dossiers come from public sources and are credited individually where they appear.
03 Shared-baseline chart Objects compared against one another rather than each against its own axis.
04 Spectrum navigator The entire range as a control, with the current position always visible.
05 Computed comparisons The "if this were a doorway" line is derived from the live field of view.
06 Real cosmology Flat lambda-CDM with stated parameters, and an explicit note that positions are generated, not surveyed.

Where it fits

  • Scientific and industrial data spanning more orders of magnitude than one chart can hold.
  • Museum, exhibition and education work where a visitor has to feel a range rather than read it.
  • Any interface where zoom is the primary navigation and the usual answer is discrete tabs.

How this was made

The application and this article were produced by AI. No person has read through the underlying data in full.

Checked

  • Licensing of every bundled image: 102 bitmap textures, the planetary and solar ones by Solar System Scope (CC BY 4.0, derived from NASA data), plus 83 photographs from NASA, ESA/Hubble, ESO, JWST/STScI, NOAA, CSIRO and NIAID. All credited on the page and in the image register.
  • The figures quoted describe the application itself and are checkable against it: 62 orders of magnitude, 138 objects with dossiers, 18,471 galaxies, 12 spectrum bands.
  • The full zoom was driven end to end during capture, all twelve band buttons by real mouse click, so the frames show states the application actually reaches.
  • The page states on its own face that it is a craft study carrying no business claim.

Not checked

  • The astronomical figures in the individual object dossiers have not been checked against a reference by a person. They are not intended to be cited.
  • The placement of objects along the scale ladder has not been independently verified.
  • The claim that a human sits almost exactly halfway between the Planck length and the observable universe is a well-known popular framing and was not recomputed here.

Image credits: every frame on this page is a screenshot of the Cosmos-Scale application (iiterate Technologies GmbH). The planetary and solar textures shown in it are by Solar System Scope (CC BY 4.0, derived from NASA data); the deep-sky, micrograph and landscape photography is by NASA (public domain), ESA/Hubble, ESO and JWST/STScI (CC BY 4.0), and by NOAA, CSIRO and NIAID.

“The eternal silence of these infinite spaces frightens me.”

Blaise Pascal · Pensées, 201

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“The most damaging phrase in the language is: it's always been done that way.”